in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil. In Defense of Plants: An Exploration Into the Wonder of Plants is slated for release on February 16th, 2021 wherever books are sold. In what way do megasporangia differ from microsporangia? After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium. All other living groups of land plants have a life cycle dominated by the diploid sporophyte generation. Which of the following is a genus in the phylum Monilophyta? The Kingdom Plantae includes Algae, Bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, Multicelled eukaryotes. A)Plants are multicellular, whereas algae are unicellular. The spore capsule, often with a supporting stalk (called a seta), is the sporophyte and this grows from the gametophyte stage. Characteristics. the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes. Asexual reproduction in bryophytes is accomplished by fragmentation or by tiny vegetative "sprouts" called gemmae, which form in special little structures called gemmae cups. One such plant is called "flower of stone." d)In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia. What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall? For example – Short plants have greenish, soft, and tender stems, while big and tall plants or trees have a thick, strong and woody stem which are hard to break. About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have _____. Liverworts are a group of non-vascular plants similar to mosses.They are far different to most plants we generally think about because they do not produce seeds, flowers, fruit or wood, and even lack vascular tissue.Instead of seeds, liverworts produce spores for reproduction. D)They increase the surface area for photosynthesis. Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular plants (informally called bryophytes) generally live very close to the ground, sprawling out rather than growing upward. Select the correct statement about the life cycle of a fern. The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____. In general, liverworts have a cuticle and pores. A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. Which of these facts provides the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae? However, when it rains, it unfurls its leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor. Spores and seeds have basically the same function-dispersal-but are vastly different because _____. A). Plant growth, on the other hand, continues throughout the life span of the plant and is restricted to certain meristematic tissue regions only. The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____. Which of the following traits was most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land? This growth form is due to their thin body parts and lack of vascular structures that would support upward growth. B)Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not. It is estimated that there are about 9000 species of liverworts. How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous? Consequently, which of the following is LEAST likely to be found associated with such appendages? During what period did seedless vascular plants form extensive forests of tall trees? Bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails. b)Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid. Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____. Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____. Under arid conditions, its leaflike structures curl up. The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs? Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are __________. a)In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)? Plants represent one of the dominant life forms and so learning about plants is a fascinating topic for all of us. In fact, both groups of living things have descended from unicellular nucleated organisms, called protists. _____ are an example of seedless vascular plants. Alternation of generations in all land plants is between __________. b)The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b. alternation of multicellular generations. In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____. b)Male and female reproductive structures are located on separate plants. The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in __________. Explore more: Classifica tion of Plants. Which of these facts provides the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae? In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis? In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges? Which of the following sets of statements is true? B). waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves. Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid. The plants include angiosperms, gymnosperms, and the sporophytes of pteridophytes, all of have roots, as well as the gametophytes of some hepatics and pteridophytes, which do not. In seedless non-vascular plants, or bryophytes, the haploid gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte (the plant structure that you see is the gametophyte); this is a gametophyte-dominated life cycle. Yet, it is not uncommon when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. rise and diversification of angiosperms. Eukaryotic cells have genetic material within their cellular nucleus and are the basic unit of plants and humans. As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____. c)Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies. Hence Psilotum and Tmesipteris constitute a natural group in Pteridophyta and should be placed at the begin­ning of pteridophyte classification next to early vascular plants and before Lycopsida. Select the correct statement about the life cycle of a fern. The development of the __________ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes. Which of the following features would help the student determine whether the sample comes from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga? Waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves. E)Distribution of sugars, amino acids, and other organic products. Which statement is true for all sexually reproducing plants and animals? C)All of the listed traits of land plants are present in their closest relatives among the algae. Water is brought into mosses primarily by __________. However, both groups of living organisms are made up of similar cellular components. C)Plant cells have rigid cellulose walls, and algal cells do not. Read on to know more. Select all that apply. The difference between plants and humans are highly evident. Their body form is less regular; They contain cellulosic cell walls. A). The ruthless, horny, and wonderful nature of plants. What would you predict concerning the cuticle of these species and why? What characteristic of Sphagnum peatlands is responsible for their ability to inhibit decomposition? However, some species do not have pores. It is an important carbon sink, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____. In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia. Which of the following are traits shared by land plants and their closest relatives among the algae? Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies. D)Both plant and algal zygotes develop into embryos. What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls? Oh no! The foot is embedded in the gametophyte and absorbs nutrients from it. E)A moist environment is required for sexual reproduction. The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to _____. A). It looks like your browser needs an update. The sporophyte is attached to and dependent on the gametophyte. What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? E)Reproductive cells are more resistant to desiccation. Typically, the upper part of a bryophyte capsule that contains the spores features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures known as the __________. C)In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular. C). In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. One of the defining features of land plants is their life cycle. Introduction. Select all that apply. The living plants that are most similar to the first plants to bear gametangia are the _____. The process of meiosis produces haploid cells. Based on the growth habit, plants are broadly categorised into three groups: Herbs, Shrubs and Trees The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____. allows it to be nourished by the parent plant. The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____. This type of life cycle exhibits alternation of generations.In other words, to complete a full circuit of its life cycle, a land plant must produce two different types of multicellular organisms. Which structures are haploid? At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____. On the other hand, Bryophytes differ from other vascular plants by having a dominant gametophyte stage, a dependent sporophyte stage, and the lack of true vascular tissue (Tracheids). The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air. Mosses and liverworts are lumped together as bryophytes, plants lacking true vascular tissues, and sharing a number of other primitive traits. megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule. Cell Structure: They are multicellular eukaryotic cell. In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____. B). What is advantage is conferred to algae and plants that possess sporopollenin? Open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study __________. Evidence suggests that land plants arose from within which protist lineage? Which of the following is true of the life cycle of bryophytes? Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____. Consider the characteristics of moss and fern life cycles. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms? It is in the diploid sporophyte that vascular tissue develops. B)a multicellular haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. Angiosperms are most closely related to _____. Three phyla of bryophytes exist today: liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The sporophytes of mosses are made up of a foot, a seta, and a sporangium. Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants? Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae? As young animals mature, all parts of their bodies grow until they reach a genetically determined size for each species. B). The seta, or stalk, transports the nutrients to the sporangium, which produces spores. Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit? open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. Liverworts. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure? Which of these was the dominant plant group at the time that dinosaurs were the dominant animals? Flowering plants reproduce with the help of male and female parts enclosed within the petals, while non-flowering plants do not have flowers at all. Select the correct statement about plant life cycles. The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b. How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike? While in situ burial is more common among bryophytes compared with vascular plants, overall, bryophytes seem somewhat less likely to enter taphonomic pathways (i.e., by removal from their growth environment). Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid. The antheridia of mosses produce __________. n mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____. A moss is a flowerless, spore-producing plant - with the spores produced in small capsules. Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive. “In Defense of Plants changes your relationship with the world from the comfort of your windowsill. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg. Which of these represents the sporophyte generation of the moss life cycle? E)Algae have different types of chlorophyll molecules from plants. The Sun’s radiant energy is converted to chemical energy by plants. Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants? It is not a flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of _____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal. Select the correct statement contrasting gametophytes and sporophytes. In seedless non-vascular plants, or bryophytes (mosses), the haploid gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte (the plant structure that you see is the gametophyte); this is a gametophyte-dominated life cycle.
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