Available here: Christian church split in 1054 between the East and Rome, Islam in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Learn how and when to remove this template message, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, "Revelations from the Russian Archives: ANTI-RELIGIOUS CAMPAIGNS", 1332 Anonymous: Initiative for Making the Passage, http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/09/21/fr_lombardi_papal_journey_a_blessing_for_all_albanians/1107019, "Shqiptarja.com – Patriotë apo tradhëtarë?! Its influence became so great, that it began to nominate local bishops. Most Albanian regions belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church after the schism, but regional Albanian populations gradually became Catholic to secure their independence from various Orthodox political entities[13][14][15] and conversions to Catholicism would be especially notable under the aegis of the Kingdom of Albania. [71] Parents were afraid to pass on their faith, for fear that their children would tell others. Papa Gjon Pali II, 17th floor Tirana - Albania (+355) 4 222 8320 or 223 0871 – 222 8479 – 223 4284 delegation-albania@eeas.europa.eu The Bektashi order was banned throughout the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826. [83], In the 2011 census, about 10.03% of Albania's population declared Roman Catholic Christianity as of 2011 census. Across Orthodox regions of Albania, conversion was also helped by the presence of heresies like Arianism and the fact that much of the Orthodox clergy was illiterate, corrupt, and conducted sermons in Greek, a foreign language, as well as the poverty of the Orthodox church. [63] Fischer suspects that the Italians eventually tired of the opposition of the Bektashi Order, and had its head, Nijaz Deda, murdered. Kostandin Kristoforidhi also joined the Society to translate the Scriptures in both Geg and Tosk dialects. Today Jews number around 150. In 1208, a Catholic archdeacon was elected for the archbishopric of Durrës. [126] Another survey conducted by Gallup Global Reports 2010 shows that religion plays a role to 39% of Albanians, and lists Albania as the thirteenth least religious country in the world. Londra, 14 mar 19:23 - (Agenzia Nova) - L'ambasciata della Libia al Cairo ha annunciato di aver concordato con il ministero del Lavoro egiziano di facilitare le procedure di ingresso dei lavoratori egiziani in Libia. Being a secular country today, people are free to choose to believe or not, and to change their faith and beliefs.[8]. The self declared atheist population has been given figures ranging from 2.5%[93] to 8%[94] to 9%[95] while other estimates of irreligiosity have reported figures of 39% declaring as "atheists"(9%) or "nonreligious"(30%),[95] 61% not saying religion was "important" to their lives,[95] and 72% "non-practicing". Marmullaku, ‘’Albania and the Albanians’’. 71–88. However the assistance did not come, and when the rebellion was crushed in 1596, Ottoman repression and heavy pressures to convert to Islam were implemented to punish the rebels. ), salvo in Grecia, dove sono in maggioranza turcofoni. ), and Western and Northeastern parts of the Vlora district. The first Albanian Halveti tekke however was in Ioannina, now Greece. Some of them even left Albania after the Italian invasion. The Albanian Greek Catholic Church exists in southern Albania and is under an Apostolic Administration. [45] While the tax levied on Albanian Christians in the 1500s amounted to about 45 akçes, in the mid-1600s, it was 780 akçes. The Christian Orthodox community, 425 Orthodox churches. In order to fight this religious ambiguity, in 1304, Dominicans were ordered by Pope Benedict XI to enter the country and to instruct the locals in the Latin rite. But the hierarchy on the other hand was quite supportive, with the apostolic delegate seeing it as a possibility to give more freedom to Albanians who wanted to become Catholic. Of the remaining mystical orders in Albania besides the Bektashi, there are those that associate with the mainline Sunni establishment, as well as those who feel themselves to be distant from both the Sunnis and Bektashis, and in terms of organization have oscillated between association with the Sunni establishment, with the Bektashis, and as their own independent organization. Al di fuori dal Kosovo, il nome "ashkali" è praticamente sconosciuto agli interessati. The results of the 2011 census, however, have been criticized as questionable on a number of grounds. ‘’Albanian Identities’’. Christianity spread to the region during the 4th century. –, Goring, Rosemary (ed). It was reported in Albanian media that there were instances of pollsters telling respondents that the religion question would be filled out for them. In the center and south, however, Catholicism was not as strong and by the end of the 17th century the region had largely adopted the religion of the growing Albanian Muslim elite. [34], As a rule, Ottoman rule largely discriminated against them, turning them into second-class citizens with much higher taxes and various legal restrictions like being unable to take Muslims to court, have horses, have weapons, or have houses overlooking those of Muslims. [127] Also in Albania the majority of the males are not circumcised (as demanded by Islamic custom). Many "tekkes" (lodges) operate today in Albania. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. From this, around 240,000 are said to be Muslim by heritage, and around 85,000 have returned to Albania. [137] Additionally, the preliminary results released seemed to give widely different results, with 70% of respondents refusing to declare belief in any of the listed faiths,[148][149] compared with only 16% of atheists and undeclared in the final results. While Catholicism was chronically held in suspicion by Ottoman authorities, after the conquest of Constantinople, the Ottomans largely allowed the Orthodox church to function unhindered, except during periods when the church was considered politically suspect and thus suppressed with expulsions of bishops and seizure of property and revenues. According to a WIN/Gallup International study in 2016 about the beliefs of the Albanians: Estimates of the 2018 published Swiss Metadatabase of Religious Affiliation (SMRE) assume for the period 2000 (1996–2005) 8% Catholics, 15% Orthodox, 65.9% Muslims and 10.9% people with no religious affiliation. [53] The clergy, largely from the Bosphorus, was distant from its Albanian flocks and also corrupt as well, abusing church tax collection and exacting a heavy tax regime that aggregated on top of punitive taxes imposed directly by the Ottoman state on the rebellious Albanian Christian population aimed at sparking their conversion. 63–82. [79] The Albanian census doesn't differentiate between Bektashis and Sunnis, but instead between Bektashis and "Muslims", but since Bektashis are in fact Muslim many were listed as Muslims. –, Zuckerman, Phil. [84] Vlora and Butrint also saw Catholicization, and at the peak of Catholic power in the Balkans with Albania as a stronghold, Catholic structures began appearing as far afield as Skopje in 1326. : al lavoro sono in spiaggia e la doccia giustamente e` stata fatta male. Approximately 20% of Muslims identify themselves as having some connection to Bektashism. The majority of Albanian Muslims are Sunnis with a tiny Bektashi Shia minority. Therefore, the nation emerged as a Muslim-majority country after Albania's independence in November 1912. 10394.[88]. [147] Some Albanian commenters also argue that the census takers guessed religion based on the responders family names and that even the census responders did give an answer based on family origin and not actual religion. [151][152][153][154], The Constitution extends freedom of religion to all citizens and the government generally respects this right in practice. [36][37] Even long after the fall of Skanderbeg, large regions of the Albanian countryside frequently rebelled against Ottoman rule, often incurring large human costs, including the decimation of whole villages. [32], Between 1350 and 1370, the spread of Catholicism in Albania reached its peak. For four centuries, the Catholic Albanians defended their faith, aided by Franciscan missionaries, beginning in the middle of the 17th century, when persecution by Ottoman Turkish lords in Albania started to result in the conversion of many villages to the Islamic faith. Demolita durante il Regime Comunista, fu ricostruita nello stesso posto, in rruga Marin Barleti, con finanziamenti egiziani e sauditi, ed inaugurata nel 1995. Islam was first introduced to Albania in the 15th century after the Ottoman conquest of the area. [63] Mussolini's son-in-law Count Ciano also replaced the leadership of the Sunni Muslim community, which had recognized the Italian regime in Albania, with clergy that aligned with Italian interests, with a compliant "Moslem Committee" organization, and Fischer notes that "the Moslem community at large accepted this change with little complaint". The State of Religion Atlas. [51] The widespread survival of Catholicism in northern Albania is largely attributable to the activity of the Franciscan order in the area[47], In addition to Catholicism and Sunni Islam, there were pockets of Orthodox (some of whom had converted from Catholicism) in Kavajë, Durrës, Upper Reka and some other regions, while Bektashis became established in Kruja, Luma, Bulqiza, Tetova, and Gjakova. In December 1992 Albania became a full member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation). Owing to Austrian interest in Albania, the institution of the Catholic bishops of Albania was obtained through a civil decree released by the Vilajet of Berat. The following centuries saw the erection of characteristic examples of Byzantine architecture such as the churches in Kosine, Mborje and Apollonia. Hymns idealizing the nation, Skanderbeg, war heroes, the king and the flag predominated in public-school music classes to the exclusion of virtually every other theme. The classification of children of mixed marriages between Sunnis and Bektashis or the widespread phenomenon of both groups marrying Orthodox Albanians also have inconsistent classification and oftentimes the offspring of such unions associate with both of their parents' faiths and occasionally practice both. ‘’The Historical Dictionary of Albania, Second Edition’’. In 1673 the charismatic Jewish prophet Sabbatai Zevi was exiled by the Turkish sultan to the Albanian port of Ulqin, now in Montenegro, dying there some years later. This number includes 34 different Islamic organizations and 189 Protestant organizations, mostly associated with the Albanian Evangelical Brotherhood (Vëllazëria Ungjillore Shqiptare). Christian bishops from what would later become eastern Albania took part in the First Council of Nicaea. The Archbishopric of Durrës, one of the primary bishoprics in Albania had initially remained under the authority of Eastern Church after the split despite continuous, but fruitless efforts from the Roman church to convert it to the Latin rite. The first reading lesson in elementary schools introduced a patriotic catechism beginning with this sentence, "I am an Albanian. Tutti i termini che designano questa popolazione (con l'eccezione di ashkali, di origine sconosciuta e forse proveniente dal termine dialettale albanese ashk, “scheggia di legno”), derivano dalla parola “Egitto” (paese chiamato “Evgjitëri” in albanese classico). Kemi frikë të kritikojmë", "Megjithëse ateist Blendi ka shkuar në haxh", "Frederik Rreshpja: MoikomZeqo midis artit dhe shkencës - Shqiptarja.com", https://web.archive.org/web/20070614121944/http://www.membres.lycos.fr/instantanesdalbanie/image/dossierdepresse.pdf, "Europe :: Albania — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Albanian faiths blend together after hard times", "Albania – Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 13 November 2012 ", https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00189819/document, "Infographic: The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity", https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR230/FR230.pdf, "Dataset Comparison – Albania in Period 1996–2005", "Dataset Comparison – Albania in Period 2006–2015", "Official Declaration: The results of the 2011 Census regarding the Orthodox Christians in Albania are totally incorrect and unacceptable", "Final census findings lead to concerns over accuracy", "AK- Nishanit: Hiqi 'Urdhrin e Skënderbeut' Janullatosit, dekoro themeluesit e Kishës Autoqefale Shqiptare (LETRA)", "Prifti: Në Shqipëri ka një axhendë anti-ortodokse", "INTERVISTA/ Vangjel Dule: Autorët e censusit, manipulatorë të realitetit.
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