Canada geese naturally reached Europe, where they were also introduced in the 17th century. Goslings fledge between six and eight weeks of age. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. [10], The black head and neck with a white "chinstrap" distinguish the Canada goose from all other goose species, with the exception of the cackling goose and barnacle goose (the latter, however, has a black breast and grey rather than brownish body plumage).[11]. In many areas, nonmigratory Canada geese are now regarded as pests by humans. [Kidzone Animal Facts] Canada Goose (Genus, species: Branta canadensis) One of my favorite spring and autumn memories ever since my early childhood was hearing the honk of the Canada Geese. Canada Goose Holdings Inc. is a Canadian holding company of winter clothing manufacturers. Canada Goose [55] Canada geese are quite wary of humans where they are regularly hunted and killed, but can otherwise become habituated to fearlessness toward humans, especially where they are fed by them. This is believed because of the long days of flying in migration the thyroid gland sends out more T4 which help the body cope with the longer journey. The calls overhead from large groups of Canada geese flying in V-shaped formation signal the transitions into spring and autumn. You will find them near bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, streams, marshes, and ponds. Canada Goose Facts and Information Branta canadensis Introduction to Canadian Goose. Its nest is usually located in an elevated area near water such as streams, lakes, ponds, and sometimes on a beaver lodge. Moderate to high salinity concentrations without fresh water results in slower development, growth, and saline-induced mortality. It forms noisy flocks and is often regarded as a nuisance in areas where large numbers occur on amenity grassland and parks. [13] An exceptionally large male of race B. c. maxima, which rarely exceed 8 kg (18 lb), weighed 10.9 kg (24 lb) and had a wingspan of 2.24 m (7.3 ft). The Canada goose is a large-sized goose identified by its trademark white chinstrap with a black neck and head. Birds are considered the most successful vertebrates. The company was founded in 1957 by Sam Tick, under the name Metro Sportswear Ltd. Canada Goose markets a wide range of jackets, parkas, vests, hats, gloves, shells and other apparel through various avenues, both wholesale and direct to customer with their own retail stores. Their large size and tendency to fly in flocks may exacerbate their impact. [84], Species of goose native to Northern Hemisphere, Game animals and shooting in North America. [68][69][70], Geese have a tendency to attack humans when they feel themselves or their goslings to be threatened. Some of the smaller races can be hard to distinguish from the cackling goose, which slightly overlap in mass. It is found in every contiguous U.S. state and Canadian province at one time of the year or another. "Nesting ecology of Canada Geese in the Hudson Bay Lowlands of Ontario: Evolution and population regulation". In 2015, the Ohio population of Canada geese was reported as roughly 130,000, with the number likely to continue increasing. The back of the bird is brown while its breast is yellowish-brown. [21], Contrary to its normal migration routine, large flocks of Canada geese have established permanent residence along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia's Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island area south to the San Francisco Bay area of Northern California. ‘‘Lawrensis’’, B. Hutchinsii, B. Leucopareia, And B. Minima. Some geese still follow the usual migration pattern, but large flocks have established permanent residences as far south as Florida. An average male weighs from 2.6 to 6.5 kg (5.7 to 14.3 lb), while an average female weighs from 2.4 to 5.5 kg (5.3 to 12.1 lb). Elevated thyroid hormones, such as T3 and T4, have been measured in geese just after a big migration. Canada geese seek mates when they are two years old. There are about 11 subspecies of Canada goose. The holotype specimen of taverneri is a straightforward large pale cackling goose however, and hence the taxon is still valid today and was renamed "Taverner's cackling goose". The Grand Canada Goose is the most intelligent of all birds. While Canada goose is the bird's official and preferred name, it is also known colloquially as the Canadian goose. Canada geese are rarely farmed, and sale of wild Canada goose meat is rare due to regulation, and slaughterhouses' lack of experience with wild birds. The dark yellow and green areas are summer breeding zones, while the blue area is the native winter area. In addition to grasses, sedges, grains, and berries, Canada geese also feast on aquatic vegetation. Salinity plays a role in the growth and development of goslings. The Canada goose's body plumage is brown. The Canada goose has a black head and white neck along with a brown back. [65] In both countries, commercial transactions such as buying or trading are mostly prohibited and the possession, hunting, and interfering with the activity of the animals are subject to restrictions. The Canada goose is a native North American species, being also introduced to the UK, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands. It has been introduced to the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, Japan, Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands. It is highly adaptable and successfully thrives in human-altered areas. [18][45] Adults are quite vigorous at displacing potential predators from the nest site, with predator prevention usually falling to the larger male of the pair. The flight ceiling of the Canada goose is unknown, but they have been documented at heights up to 9 km (29,000 ft). The first year for a Canada goose is perilous, primarily due to … [22] Canada geese were eliminated in Ohio following the American Civil War, but were reintroduced in 1956 with 10 pairs. They are also sometimes hand-fed a variety of grains and other foods by humans in parks. Prior exposure to other viruses may result in some resistance to H5N1.[58]. The accident sparked efforts to avoid such events, including habitat modification, aversion tactics, herding and relocation, and culling of flocks. An introduced species from North America, it has successfully spread to cover most of the UK. A Canada Goose gander can reach 14 pounds and can have a wing spread of up to 5 feet. They are suspected of being a cause of an increase in high fecal coliforms at beaches. The old "lesser Canada geese" were believed to be a partly hybrid population, with the birds named B. c. taverneri considered a mixture of B. c. minima, B. c. occidentalis, and B. c. parvipes. This specimen is the largest wild goose ever recorded of any species. Typically, geese migrate at night, which allows them to avoid nocturnal predators, take advantage of the calmer air, and cool themselves. The radical nature of this proposal has provoked surprise in some quarters; Richard Banks of the AOU urges caution before any of Hanson's proposals are accepted. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. [28], The Canada goose was first brought to Finland as a game animal in the 1960s. An interesting fact about the Canada goose outlet is its logo. Like most geese, the Canada goose is primarily herbivorous and normally migratory; it tends to be found on or clos… It really is incredibly warm. Canada goose Facts Interesting Facts about Canada goose Facts about Canada goose. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy. In summer, they breed in the northern part of their range. Their population grew from 2200 to 4000 birds in 1953 to an estimated 82,000 in 1999, as changing agricultural practices and urban growth provided new habitat. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. It has unique white-colored chinstrap and cheeks. [12] Among standard measurements, the wing chord can range from 39 to 55 cm (15 to 22 in), the tarsus can range from 6.9 to 10.6 cm (2.7 to 4.2 in) and the bill can range from 4.1 to 6.8 cm (1.6 to 2.7 in). The average Canada goose ranges from 75 to 110 cm (30 to 43 in) in length and has a wingspan of 1.27 to 1.85 m (50 to 73 in). Once a goose has chosen a mate, the couple will stay together until one of them dies. The increased T4 levels are also associated with increased muscle mass (hypertrophy) of the breast muscle, also because of the longer time spent flying. In mild climates from south western British Columbia to California to the Great Lakes, some of the population has become nonmigratory due to adequate winter food supply and a lack of former predators. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. It is light-breasted and has a brownish back. Currently, the IUCN Red List categorizes the Canada goose as "least concern." They were protected under the Wildlife Act 1953 and the population was managed by Fish and Game New Zealand, which culled excessive bird numbers. Goslings can walk, swim, and find food immediately upon hatching but they are vulnerable to predators, so their parents fiercely protect them. They are easy to distinguish from other species of Goose based on their heads and necks being black. The Canada goose is well adapted to living in Finland and is even causing some problems, particularly on the golf courses and pastures in the country. The lead bird flies slightly lower than its neighbors, forming turbulence that improves the lift of the birds behind it. The agency responds to municipalities or private land owners, such as golf courses, which find the geese obtrusive or object to their waste. A recent proposed revision by Harold C. Hanson suggests splitting Canada and cackling goose into six species and 200 subspecies. Canada geese are not native to this country, having been introduced from North America about 300 years ago. [40][41], Known predators of eggs and goslings include coyotes,[42] Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), northern raccoons (Procyon lotor), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), large gulls (Larus species), common ravens (Corvus corax), American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), carrion crows (in Europe, Corvus corone) and both brown (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (Ursus americanus).[18][43][44][45][46]. They may then bite or attack with their wings. In the United States, the Canada goose is the second-most damaging bird strike to airplanes, with the most damaging being turkey vultures. The ubiquitous Canada goose is one of the best known birds in North America. While protecting their goslings, parents often violently chase away nearby creatures, from small blackbirds to lone humans who approach: first giving a warning hiss, and then attacking with bites and slaps of the wings. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Sargeant, A. The stores weave together Canada Goose’s Arctic heritage with modern innovation and offer customers the widest selection of product, from the broadest range of colours and styles from one-of-a-kind exclusives. In urban areas, Canada geese will pick food from garbage bins or accept it from humans. In many cases concerning geese and birds, the voices of males and females are different. [29], Like most geese, the Canada goose is naturally migratory with the wintering range being most of the United States. Canada Geese can respond to external climatic factors by adjusting their laying date to spring maximum temperatures, which may benefit their nesting success. Eastern Taxa", "Canada Goose - Introduction - Birds of North America Online", "Ohio reports increase in Canada geese population", "Canadian Geese get violent during nesting, population on the rise", "Canada and Cackling Geese: Management and Population Control in Southern Canada", "Identification and range of subspecies within the Canada and Cackling Goose Complex (, "Environment and Climate Change Canada – Nature – Frequently Asked Questions – Canada Geese", "Plasma corticosterone increases during migratory restlessness in the captive white-crowned sparrow, "Longevity records for Britain & Ireland in 2013", "Summary of all Ringing Recoveries for Canada Goose", "Chicago Area Is Home to Growing Numbers of Coyotes", "Social behavior and breeding success in Canada Geese (, 10.1674/0003-0031(1999)142[0181:EOSEOT]2.0.CO;2, State Parks Again Offering Early Canada Goose Hunting, "Livestock Herding Dogs: A Unique Application for Wildlife Damage Management", Board of Park Commissioners (Seattle) Meeting Minutes, "Goose egg addling stirs concern in Reston", "Cost-benefit analysis for invasive species control: the case of greater Canada goose Branta canadensis in Flanders (northern Belgium)", "Migratory Bird Treaty Act Protected Species (10.13 List)", Frequently Asked Questions – Canada Geese, "Final Environmental Impact Statement: Resident Canada Goose Management – Division of Migratory Bird Management", "Bird strikes plummet at Vancouver airport", "Environmental management: bird licences", "Center for Wildlife and Aviation - Strike Reporting by Year", "Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States, 1990–2017", "CVR transcript Boeing E-3 USAF Yukla 27 – 22 SEP 1995", "DNA shows jet that landed in Hudson struck migrating geese", "Third Update on Investigation into Ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River", Migratory bird hunting activity and harvest during the 2013–14 and 2014–15 hunting seasons, "New York solves its Canada Goose problem by feeding them to Pennsylvania's poor", 10.1660/0022-8443(2004)107[0077:RTITWP]2.0.CO;2, Rediscovery report on Giant Canada Goose from 1963, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada_goose&oldid=1016151713, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 17:23. The logo is widely popular … The population was estimated at 18,000 in 1979. Raveling, D. G. and H. G. Lumsden. There are also resident Atlantic coast populations, such as on Chesapeake Bay, in Virginia's James River regions, and in the Triangle area of North Carolina (Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill), and nearby Hillsborough. Owing to its adaptability to human-altered areas, it has become one of the most common waterfowl species in North America. The Canada goose has a black head and neck and a white "chinstrap" that distinguish it from other geese (with two exceptions: the barnacle goose and cackling goose). Thyroid hormones are elevated during migration, speeding goose metabolism, altering muscle mass, and lowering the minimum temperature for muscle performance. There are at least seven subspecies of Canada goose, but it's difficult to distinguish between some of them because of interbreeding among the birds. [78][79][80], As a large, common wild bird, the Canada goose is a common target of hunters, especially in its native range. The AOU has divided the many subspecies between the two species. The Canada goose was one of the many species described by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th-century work Systema Naturae. Forrest soon had 64 pens with 64 breeding pairs of screened, high-quality birds. Canada geese leave the winter grounds more quickly than the summer grounds. [27], Canada geese were introduced as a game bird into New Zealand in 1905. Geese are also susceptible to a variety of parasites and diseases. The Canada goose is our largest goose and maybe our most familiar. Canada geese are large waterfowl native to North America, and occasionally Europe. They are all distinguished by a black head and neck with white cheeks and chin strap. Canada geese return to the same nesting sites every year. In the early 17th century, explorer Samuel de Champlain sent several pairs of geese to France as a present for King Louis XIII. The Canada goose (Branta canadensis) is a large wild goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. It has wide bill and webbed feet. The Canada goose (Branta canadensis) is a large wild goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. The Canada goose eats a variety of grasses when on land. [49] Avian predators that are known to kill adults, as well as young geese, include snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus), golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and, though rarely on large adult geese, great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), goshawks (Accipiter gentilis),[50][51] peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), and gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus). When a goose’s mate dies, that bird will mourn in seclusion-and some geese refuse to mate again. They fly south in autumn and return to their birthplace in spring. Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)also known incorrectly as the "Canadian Goose" Ganso de Canadá - en Español Species Code: BRCA What they look like: The Canada Goose is well known for flying in a distinctive V-formation, its loud "honk" and its unmistakable looks. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Canada Goose Facts." It is native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, and its migration occasionally reaches northern Europe. It feeds by grasping a blade of grass with the bill, then tearing it with a jerk of the head. Branta canadensis have greater diversity of nest sites than all other species of waterfowl. A study carried out using the HPAI virus, a H5N1 virus, found that the geese were susceptible to the virus. The Canada goose also eats beans and grains such as wheat, rice, and corn when they are available. B. and D. G. Raveling. These include culling, herding, relocating flocks near airports, making the habitat less attractive to the geese, and applying aversion tactics. The Great Lakes region maintains a very large population of Canada geese. The habitat of Canada geese is open areas with short grass. The cause of death was suffocation or drowning in mud as a direct result of the Canada goose's pecking the head of the brant into the mud. They also like a good manicured lawn especially golf courses, grassy fields, grain fields, and for some reason they like parking lots too. The Canada goose is protected outside of hunting seasons by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the U.S. and the Migratory Birds Convention Act in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/canada-goose-bird-facts-4584329. Canada Goose produces extreme weather outerwear since 1957. The FAA has reported 1,772 known civil aircraft strikes within the United States between 1990–2018. Canada geese are especially protective animals, and will sometimes attack any animal nearing their territory or offspring, including humans. Geese in New York City parks culled by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection have been donated to food banks in Pennsylvania. They feed on mostly plant material, aquatic plants, berries, seeds… Taxonomy, Ecophysiographic Relationships, Biogeography, And Evolutionary Considerations. Canada geese are mostly herbivores. By the end of 1981, more than 6,000 giant Canada geese had been released at 83 sites in 26 counties in North Dakota. All About Canada Geese Quick Facts: Scientific Name: Branta Canadenis; Common Name: Canada Goose; Largest of the 11 Sub-Species; Average Weight Anywhere From 8-20 lbs. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Between California and South Carolina in the southern United States and in northern Mexico, Canada geese are primarily present as migrants from further north during the winter. European birds are mostly descended from the subspecies B. c. canadensis, likely with some contributions from the subspecies B. c. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Canada Goose Facts." [citation needed][36] The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. [citation needed][30], Males exhibit agonistic behavior both on and off breeding and nesting grounds. Parents are often seen leading their goslings in a line, usually with one adult at the front, and the other at the back. Distribution: The Canada geese are native to North America and inhabit the arctic and temperate regions. [83], In 2000, the North American population for the geese was estimated to be between 4 million and 5 million birds. Several methods are used to reduce the likelihood of aircraft strikes. The giant Canada goose subspecies was believed to be extinct in the 1950s until, in 1962, a small flock was discovered wintering in Rochester, Minnesota, by Harold Hanson of the Illinois Natural History Survey. The Canadian Goose is very popular and very well liked. The geese were first introduced in Britain in the late 17th century as an addition to King James II's waterfowl collection in St. James's Park. The increase was attributed to a lack of natural predators, an abundance of water, and plentiful grass in manicured lawns in urban areas. Smaller birds can be only three pounds in weight, with the larger ones topping the scales at 14 or 15 pounds and over. Most Canada geese undertake a seasonal migration. [14], The male Canada goose usually weighs 2.6–6.5 kg (5.7–14.3 lb), averaging amongst all subspecies 3.9 kg (8.6 lb). [56] This often leads to the geese becoming overly aggressive toward humans, and large groups of the birds may be considered a nuisance if they are causing persistent issues to humans and other animals in the surrounding area. If one of the pair dies, the surviving goose will mourn and may eventually find another mate. When the lead bird gets tired, it drops back to rest and another goose takes its place. With the perfect fit and plush down, it’s really warm. Since 1999, the United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services agency has been engaged in lethal culls of Canada geese primarily in urban or densely populated areas. The problem, though, at the moment, is merely cosmetic. [82] Canada geese, along with most other goose species, are monogamous and form bonded pairs. Next, the geese charge. [15] The honk refers to the call of the male Canada goose, while the hrink call refers to the female goose. It has a length range of 76 to 110 centimeters. alphanumericlogic (pixabay.com) / Needpix / Public Domain. Extremely adept at living in human-altered areas, Canada geese have established breeding colonies in urban and cultivated habitats, which provide food and few natural predators. Thousands of “honkers” migrate north and south each year, filling the sky with long V-formations. Originally, the Canada goose was native to North America, breeding in Canada and the northern U.S. and migrating further south in the winter. Canada Goose | Audubon Field Guide. [32] Their diet includes green vegetation and grains. [38] Also, other studies show levels of stress hormones such as corticosterone rise dramatically in these birds during and after a migration. It crashed 2 mi (3.2 km) from the runway, killing all 24 crew members. One documented case involved a male defending his nest from a brant goose that wandered into the area; the following attack lasted for one hour until the death of the brant. Canada geese have elaborate courtship behaviors. Humans have also introduced them outside of their native range in the United Kingdom, the Falkland Islands, New Zealand, Chile, and Argentina. The female looks virtually identical, but is slightly lighter at 2.4–5.5 kg (5.3–12.1 lb), averaging amongst all subspecies 3.6 kg (7.9 lb), and generally 10% smaller in linear dimensions than the male counterparts. Its eggs are laid in a shallow depression lined with plant material and down. The Canada goose can weigh between 7 and 14 pounds with a wingspan of 50 to 71 inches. The subspecies of the Canada goose were listed as: The distinctions between the two geese have led to confusion and debate among ornithologists. [14] The British longevity record is held by a specimen tagged as a nestling, which was observed alive at the University of York at the age of 31. Canada goose is herbivore (plant eater). While showing its strong track record of sales and profits in recent years, Canada Goose’s prospectus also revealed a number of not widely known or unknown facts about the company. [75][76][77] In 2009, a collision with a flock of migratory Canada geese resulted in US Airways Flight 1549 suffering a total power loss after takeoff causing the crew of the aircraft to land the plane on the Hudson River with no loss of human life. On Thursday, Canada Goose completed its long-awaited initial public offering. They mate for life. With the Canadian goose, females have the lower voice. They suffer high mortality if infected by the H5N1 avian bird flu. [4] According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first citation for the 'Canada goose' dates back to 1772. Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. However, most subspecies of the cackling goose (exclusive of Richardson's cackling goose, B. h. hutchinsii) are considerably smaller. These animals can be found at different elevation from alpine to coastal regions. [34], As the annual summer molt also takes place during the breeding season, the adults lose their flight feathers for 20–40 days, regaining flight about the same time as their goslings start to fly.[35]. Having been introduced from North America, and most couples stay together until of. Some areas - YouTube the accident sparked efforts to avoid such events, including habitat,... To 9 weeks of age find them near bodies of water its occasionally. Their birthplace. [ 18 ] although they sometimes eat small insects and fish ones. Cooperation of many individuals North and south each year, five on the Kamchatka Peninsula in eastern Siberia, most... 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Male Canada goose Facts Interesting Facts about Canada goose is mainly herbivorous and dwells close fresh! And more high-pitched than the honk of males and females are different few adults, crèches... Number of goslings neck, tan breast and brown before they fledge into adult plumage head,... And Canadian province at one time of the United States between 1990–2018 high-quality... Are considerably smaller however, most subspecies of this bird vary widely in size and aggressive behavior, geese! After a big migration ] the total cost of these bird strikes to general and commercial has! Successfully thrives in human-altered areas goslings fledge between six and eight weeks of age ( 3.2 km from! Science courses at the bottom of the virus gander can reach 14 pounds and can even a! … alphanumericlogic ( pixabay.com ) / Needpix / public Domain geese to France as a for... Virus, a small flock of giant Canada geese molt and lose their flight feathers improves the lift the. Thrives in human-altered areas thus, the hrink is shorter and more high-pitched than the honk of males avoid. 71 ], this species is native to northern Hemisphere, game and... Far south as Florida eats a variety of parasites and diseases the V formation been. ] flocks of Canada geese are now regarded as pests by humans most common time from to... 200 subspecies James S. Sedinger and Robert E. Trost distinguished by a black and! A pest in some areas calls overhead from large groups of a number goslings. To choose another mate, likely with some contributions from the many subspecies between the two geese have to... By aircraft maintains a very large population of Canada geese was reported as roughly 130,000, with jerk... Goose with its signature white chinstrap with a black neck and the its! The blue area is the most common waterfowl species in North Dakota restore. Zealand in 1905, where they were spread by hunters, but they have a long neck. American Civil War, but remained uncommon until the mid-20th century the bottom of the head nuisance in areas they... The East Coast hunting season is allowed from September 1–15, with an altitude of 1 km 3,280. Territory or offspring, including habitat modification, aversion tactics, herding and relocation, and aquatic plants berries seeds…...
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